The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity.

Bruce A. Beutler

Bruce A. Beutler
Born: 1957, Chicago, IL, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
Prize motivation: “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity”.
For more info about Bruce A. Beutler: http://www.scripps.edu/genetics/beutler/

 Jules A. Hoffmann

Jules A. Hoffmann
Born: 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg
Prize motivation: “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity”.
For more info about Jules A. Hoffmann: http://www-ibmc.u-strasbg.fr/ridi/profil.php?equipe_id=10&lang=en

Ralph M. Steinman

Ralph M. Steinman
Born: 1943, Montreal, Canada
Died: 30 September 2011
Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
Prize motivation: “for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity”.

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